Dd

dd je CLI program koji konvertira i kopira odabranu datoteku.

Korištenje:

dd argumenti

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• bs=BYTES - read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
• cbs=BYTES - convert BYTES bytes at a time
• conv=CONVS - convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
• count=BLOCKS - copy only BLOCKS input blocks
• ibs=BYTES - read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
• if=FILE - read from FILE instead of stdin
• iflag=FLAGS - read as per the comma separated symbol list
• obs=BYTES - write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
• of=FILE - write to FILE instead of stdout
• oflag=FLAGS - write as per the comma separated symbol list
• seek=BLOCKS - skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
• skip=BLOCKS - skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
• status=noxfer - suppress transfer statistics

Detalji

BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M GB=1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

Each CONV symbol may be:

• ascii - from EBCDIC to ASCII
• ebcdic - from ASCII to EBCDIC
• ibm - from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
• block - pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
• unblock - replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
• lcase - change upper case to lower case
• nocreat - do not create the output file
• excl - fail if the output file already exists
• notrunc - do not truncate the output file
• ucase - change lower case to upper case
• swab - swap every pair of input bytes
• noerror - continue after read errors
• sync - pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
• fdatasync - physically write output file data before finishing
• fsync - likewise, but also write metadata

Each FLAG symbol may be:

• append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
• direct use direct I/O for data
• directory - fail unless a directory
• dsync - use synchronized I/O for data
• sync - likewise, but also for metadata
• fullblock - accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
• nonblock - use non-blocking I/O
• noatime - do not update access time
• noctty - do not assign controlling terminal from file
• nofollow - do not follow symlinks

Sending a USR1 signal to a running ‘dd’ process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!

$ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid

18335302+0 records in 18335302+0 records out 9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s

Options are:

--help display this help and exit

--version - output version information and exit

Autori: Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie i Stuart Kemp.

Prijava bugova:

Report dd bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org

GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>