Razlika između inačica stranice Debian za kućne korisnike

Inačica od 21:59, 18. svibnja 2011.

Što izabrati?

Odlučili ste se instalirati Debian, ali se ne možete odlučiti koju verziju instalirati. Dali stable, testing, ili pak unstable? Dali skinuti CD ili DVD? Pokušati ćemo odgovoriti na ta pitanja.

Stable izdanje je – kao što ime kaže – stabilno. Paketi u ovoj verziji su prošli brojne provjere, i ispravljeni su brojni propusti, zbog čega je Debian stable vrlo siguran i stabilan operacijski sustav. Eventualni nedostatak ove verzije su stariji paketi, odn. na stable verziji nećete dobiti najnovije aplikacije i pakete, jer je u prvom planu ipak stabilnost. No, i ako vam baš treba neki noviji paket, tu nastupa debian backports repozitorij za stable verziju, u kojemu se nalaze neki paketi iz testing i unstable repozitorija, a koji su prekompajlirani u stable okruženju. Ako vam treba "rock solid" sustav, i možete preživjeti bez najnovijih aplikacija, onda je stable definitivno sustav za vas.

Testing izdanje je dovoljno stabilno za prosječnog korisnika, no ne kao stable. Ispravljeni su oni kritični propusti, i vrlo je vjerojatno kako će testing raditi vrlo dobro. Kao i stable, testing prima sigurne zakrpe od tima zaduženog za sigurnost, no nije siguran kao stable jer se verzije paketa često mijenjaju, i zakrpe nisu dovoljno testirane kao za stable. Ubuntu, koji je najpopularnija GNU/Linux distribucija, je baziran na Debian unstable verziji, i mnogo ga ljudi koristi bez većih problema, tako da možemo reći da je Debian testing još stabilniji za svakodnevnu upotrebu od Ubuntu Linuxa.

Unstable je izdanje u kojemu su nove verzije paketa, i izdanje u koje paketi dolaze izravno od upstream razvijatelja (kreatora izvornog koda). Najveći nedostatak unstable izdanja je velik broj sigurnosnih propusta, zbog čega je sustav prilično nestabilan. U razvojnom razdoblju, u unstable izdanju postoji 2 do 3 puta više kritičnih propusta nego u testing izdanju. Unstable uglavnom koriste Debian developeri, iskusni korisnici, ljudi koji žele pomoći Debian projektu prijavljivanjem bugova, ili ljudi koji žele "bleeding edge". No neki smatraju da je i unstable dovoljno stabilan za svakodnevnu upotrebu, što možete pročitati ovdje

Osim ova tri izdanja, postoji još i experimental izdanje, u koje ulaze najnovije verzije paketa, sa najviše sigurnosnih propusta, te se ovo izdanje ne preporuča za upotrebu, jer je izrazito nestabilno, kojega čak i iskusni korisnici teško održavaju.

Na vama je da odaberete koje je izdanje najbolje za vas.

Na slijedećoj poveznici možete pročitati još neke razloge za korištenje Debiana:

http://www.debian.org/intro/why_debian.hr.html

Instalacija

Osnove operativnog sustava Debian

Upravljački programi

Grafičke kartice Nvidia

Prvo provjerite imate li u /etc/apt/sources.list unešene ove repozitorije:

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian squeeze main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free

Unesite ih ako nemate i nakon toga utipkajte:

aptitude update

Nakon toga utipkajte sljedeće:

aptitude install nvidia-kernel-dkms nvidia-glx nvidia-xconfig nvidia-settings nvidia-vdpau-driver
nvidia-xconfig

Napravite log-out i ponovno se ulogirajte u sistem.

Napomena:

nvidia-kernel-dkms je za serije Geforce kartica 6xxx i novije. Ako imate neku od starijih kartica, trebate nvidia-kernel-dkms zamijeniti sljedećim paketima ovisno o tipu kartice:

• nvidia-kernel-legacy-173xx-dkms

This legacy version is the last release that supports the following GPUs: GeForce FX 5100 [NV34], GeForce FX 5200 [NV34], GeForce FX 5200 Ultra [NV34], GeForce FX 5200LE [NV34], GeForce FX 5500 [NV34], GeForce FX 5600 [NV31], GeForce FX 5600 Ultra [NV31], GeForce FX 5600XT [NV31], GeForce FX 5700 [NV36.2], GeForce FX 5700 Ultra [NV36.1], GeForce FX 5700LE [NV36], GeForce FX 5700VE [NV36.4], GeForce FX 5800 [NV30], GeForce FX 5800 Ultra [NV30], GeForce FX 5900 [NV35], GeForce FX 5900 Ultra [NV35], GeForce FX 5900XT [NV35], GeForce FX 5900ZT [NV35], GeForce FX 5950 Ultra [NV38], GeForce FX Go5100 [NV34], GeForce FX Go5200 [NV34M], GeForce FX Go5200 32M/64M [NV34M], GeForce FX Go5200 64M [NV34M], GeForce FX Go5250 [NV34M], GeForce FX Go5300 [NV34GLM], GeForce FX Go5600 [NV31M], GeForce FX Go5650 [NV31M], GeForce FX Go5700 [NV36], GeForce PCX 4300 [NV18], GeForce PCX 5300 [NV37GL], GeForce PCX 5750 [NV36], GeForce PCX 5900 [NV35], GeForce 6800 Ultra [NV40] (only PCI ID 10DE:00F0), Quadro FX 330 [NV37GL], Quadro FX 500/600 PCI [NV34GL], Quadro FX 700 [NV35GL], Quadro FX 1000 [NV30GL], Quadro FX 1100 [NV36GL], Quadro FX 1300 [NV38GL], Quadro FX 2000 [NV30GL], Quadro FX 3000 [NV35GL], Quadro FX Go700 [NV31], Quadro FX Go1000 [NV36], Quadro NVS 280 PCI [NV34GL], Quadro NVS 280 PCI-E [NV37GL], NV31, NV31M, NV31M Pro, NV31GLM, NV31GLM Pro, NV34GL, NV36.5, NV36M Pro, NV36MAP, NV36GL.

• nvidia-kernel-legacy-96xx-dkms

This legacy version is the last release that supports the following GPUs: GeForce2 Go [NV11], GeForce2 MX Integrated Graphics [NVCrush11], GeForce2 MX/MX 400 [NV11], GeForce2 MX200 [NV11DDR], GeForce3 [NV20], GeForce3 Ti 200 [NV20], GeForce3 Ti 500 [NV20], GeForce4 410 Go 16M [NV17], GeForce4 420 Go [NV17], GeForce4 420 Go 32M [NV17], GeForce4 440 Go [NV17], GeForce4 440 Go 64M [NV17], GeForce4 448 Go [NV18M], GeForce4 460 Go [NV17], GeForce4 488 Go [NV18M], GeForce4 MX 420 [NV17], GeForce4 MX 420 AGP 8x [NV18], GeForce4 MX 440 [NV17], GeForce4 MX 440 AGP 8x [NV18], GeForce4 MX 440SE [NV17], GeForce4 MX 440SE AGP 8x [NV18], GeForce4 MX 460 [NV17], GeForce4 MX 4000 [NV18], GeForce4 MX - nForce GPU [NV18], GeForce4 Ti [NV25], GeForce4 Ti 4200 [NV25], GeForce4 Ti 4200 AGP 8x [NV28], GeForce4 Ti 4200 Go AGP 8x [NV28], GeForce4 Ti 4400 [NV25], GeForce4 Ti 4600 [NV25], GeForce4 Ti 4800 [NV28], GeForce4 Ti 4800 SE [NV28], Quadro DCC [NV20DCC], Quadro NVS [NV17GL], Quadro NVS 50 PCI [NV18GL], Quadro NVS 280 SD AGP 8x [NV18GL], Quadro2 MXR/EX/Go [NV11GL], Quadro4 380 XGL [NV18GL], Quadro4 500 GoGL [NV17GL], Quadro4 550 XGL [NV17GL], Quadro4 580 XGL [NV18GL], Quadro4 700 XGL [NV25GL], Quadro4 750 XGL [NV25GL], Quadro4 780 XGL [NV28GL], Quadro4 900 XGL [NV25GL], Quadro4 980 XGL [NV28GL], Quadro4 Go700 [NV28GLM], NV40GL. 

• nvidia-kernel-legacy-71xx-dkms

This legacy version is the last release that supports the following GPUs: RIVA TNT [NV4], RIVA TNT2 Model 64/Model 64 Pro [NV5M64], RIVA TNT2/TNT2 Pro [NV5], RIVA TNT2 Ultra [NV5], Aladdin TNT2 [NV5], Vanta/Vanta LT [NV6], GeForce 256 [NV10], GeForce 256 DDR [NV10DDR], GeForce2 GTS/Pro [NV15], GeForce2 Ti [NV15DDR], GeForce2 Ultra (Bladerunner) [NV15BR], Quadro [NV10GL], Quadro2 Pro [NV15GL].

SiS 671MX

SiS 671MX by Shicy

Section "ServerLayout"
   Identifier     "X.org Configured"
   Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
   InputDevice   "Synaptics Touchpad" "CorePointer"
#   InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
   InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
   ModulePath   "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
   FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
   FontPath     "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType"
EndSection

Section "Module"
   Load  "extmod"
#   Load  "dri2"
   Load  "dbe"
#   Load  "glx"
   Load  "record"
#   Load  "dri"
   Load  "synaptics"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier  "Keyboard0"
   Driver      "kbd"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier  "Synaptics Touchpad"
   Driver      "synaptics"
   Option       "SendCoreEvents" "true"
   Option       "Protocol" "auto-dev"
   Option       "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
   Option   "VertEdgeScroll" "true"
   Option   "HorizEdgeScroll" "true"
   Option   "CornerCoasting" "true"
   Option   "TapButton" "1"
   Option   "MaxTapTime" "180"
   Option   "TouchpadOff" "0"
EndSection

#Section "InputDevice"
#   Identifier  "Mouse0"
#   Driver      "mouse"
#   Option       "Protocol" "auto"
#   Option       "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
#   Option       "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
#EndSection

Section "Monitor"
   Identifier   "Monitor0"
   VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
   ModelName    "Monitor Model"
   HorizSync    30-107
   VertRefresh  50-185
EndSection

Section "Device"
        ### Available Driver options are:-
        ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
        ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz"
        ### [arg]: arg optional
        Option     "ShadowFB" "false"             # [<bool>]
        #Option     "DefaultRefresh"        # [<bool>]
        #Option     "ModeSetClearScreen"    # [<bool>]
   Identifier  "Card0"
   Driver      "vesa"
   VendorName  "Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS]"
   BoardName   "771/671 PCIE VGA Display Adapter"
   BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
   Identifier "Screen0"
   Device     "Card0"
   Monitor    "Monitor0"
   DefaultDepth 24
   SubSection "Display"
      Viewport   0 0
      Depth     1
   EndSubSection
   SubSection "Display"
      Viewport   0 0
      Depth     4
   EndSubSection
   SubSection "Display"
      Viewport   0 0
      Depth     8
   EndSubSection
   SubSection "Display"
      Viewport   0 0
      Depth     15
   EndSubSection
   SubSection "Display"
      Viewport   0 0
      Depth     16
   EndSubSection
   SubSection "Display"
      Viewport   0 0
      Depth     24
   EndSubSection
EndSection

Dakle, potrebno je snimiti ovo kao svoj xorg.conf, prebaciti ga u /etc/X11/ (cp /home/user/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf) i ponovo pokrenuti računalo. Nakon ponovnog pokretanja, rezolucija će biti 1280x800 pixela

Driveri za wireless kartice

Broadcom BCM4312

apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-lpphy-installer

i nakon toga kao root:

touch /etc/modprobe.d/b43.conf
echo "options b43 pio=1 qos=0" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/b43.conf

DEBGEN by Branimir

[quote="Suko"][list][*]dodatni repozitoriji[/list] [/quote][url]http://debgen.simplylinux.ch/[/url]

složiš si repozitorije kakve god oćeš.

u mene je vako: [code]###### Debian Main Repos deb http://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Debian Update Repos

deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-free [/code] [quote="Suko"][list][*]flash [*]VLC [*]ms fontovi[/list] [/quote] ovak neš? [code]# apt-get install vlc mozilla-plugin-vlc flashplugin-nonfree ttf-mscorefonts-installer[/code]

MULTIMEDIA

MULTIMEDIA by Pingu

Dodati u /etc/apt/sources.list vašim omiljenim editorom :

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian squeeze main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org squeeze main non-free

Nakon toga skinuti debian multimedia keyring kojega treba instalirati ručno ili GDebi-em:

wget http://debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/d/debian-multimedia-keyring/debian-multimedia-keyring_2010.12.26_all.deb

dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2010.12.26_all.deb

Prvo je potrebno maknuti open source verziju flasha koja ne radi sa svim flash sadržajima na Interwebu:

aptitude remove gnash

Nakon toga ide instalacija proprietary flash-a:

aptitude install flashplugin-nonfree

I ostaloga:

aptitude install ttf-mscorefonts-installer libdvdcss2 w32codecs java-common

OSTALE APLIKACIJE

Za Iceweasel 5 potrebno je dodati ovaj repozitorij:

deb http://mozilla.debian.net/ squeeze-backports iceweasel-5.0

Za Iceweasel 4:

deb http://mozilla.debian.net/ squeeze-backports iceweasel-4.0

Za non-ose verziju Virtualboxa, dodajte ovaj repozitorij:

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian squeeze contrib non-free

Unofficial Maintainers repozitorij - http://unofficial.debian-maintainers.org/

deb http://unofficial.debian-maintainers.org/ squeeze main contrib non-free restricted

Za Skype:

deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free

I evo redoslijed instalacije:

Nadogradnja:

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

Multimedija:

apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree ttf-mscorefonts-installer libdvdcss2 w32codecs java-common

Aplikacije:

Skype: http://www.skype.com/intl/en/home

apt-get install skype

Pidgin: http://www.pidgin.im/

apt-get install pidgin

Deluge: http://deluge-torrent.org/

apt-get install deluge

Clementine: http://www.clementine-player.org/

apt-get install clementine

Vlc Player: http://www.videolan.org/vlc/

apt-get install vlc

Screenlets: http://screenlets.org/index.php/Home

apt-get install screenlets 

Avant Window Navigator: http://awn.wetpaint.com/

apt-get install awn 

Conky: http://conky.sourceforge.net/

apt-get install conky

Compiz: http://www.compiz.org/

apt-get install compiz compiz-fusion-plugins-unsupported compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compizconfig-settings-manager fusion-icon 

File sharing: http://www.samba.org/

apt-get install samba 

Wine: http://www.winehq.org/

apt-get install wine winetricks 

Clipboard management: http://clipit.rspwn.com/about/

apt-get install clipit 

NTFS Configurator: http://flomertens.free.fr/ntfs-config/

apt-get install ntfs-config 

Oracle Virtualbox: http://www.virtualbox.org/

apt-get install virtualbox 

Chromium: http://www.chromium.org/Home

apt-get install chromium-browser 

Acrobat Reader: http://get.adobe.com/reader/

apt-get install acroread 

Gparted: http://gparted.sourceforge.net/

apt-get install gparted 

Unetbootin: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

apt-get install unetbootin 

Startup manager: http://linuxappfinder.com/package/startupmanager

apt-get install startupmanager 

Inkscape: http://inkscape.org/

apt-get install inkscape 

Drobox: http://www.dropbox.com/

apt-get install nautilus-dropbox 

Boot-up manager: http://www.marzocca.net/linux/bum.html

apt get install bum

Avast: http://www.avast.com/en-eu/index

apt-get install ia32-libs

wget http://files.avast.com/files/linux/avast4workstation_1.3.0-2_i386.deb

dpkg --force-architecture -i avast4workstation_1.3.0-2_i386.deb

Google Earth: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html

apt-get install googleearth-package

apt-get install ia32-libs

make-googleearth-package --force

Paket je u mapi Home i treba ga samo instalirati s gdebi installerom

Problem s wireless karticama :

Treba instalirati firmware npr. za moju ide ralink firmware